Dual diagnosis, also known as co-occurring disorders, refers to the presence of both a mental health disorder and a substance use disorder (SUD) in an individual. In the United States, approximately 9.2 million adults experience this intersection of conditions (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration [SAMHSA], 2020). Identifying and treating dual diagnosis is complex because the symptoms of mental illness and substance use often overlap, mask, or exacerbate one another.








