Alcohol addiction leads to various physical and psychological changes that make it increasingly difficult to control drinking habits or stop alcohol use. Chronic alcohol consumption alters brain chemistry and body function, leading to dependence. When alcohol is suddenly removed, individuals often experience withdrawal symptoms that range from mild to life-threatening (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism [NIAAA], 2021).
What is Alcohol Withdrawal?
Alcohol withdrawal refers to the physical and mental symptoms that occur when a person who is dependent on alcohol abruptly stops drinking. Prolonged alcohol use causes the body to adapt to its presence. When alcohol intake ceases, the body struggles to readjust, often leading to withdrawal symptoms (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013). These symptoms can begin within eight hours after the last drink and typically peak within 24 to 48 hours.
Symptoms of Alcohol Withdrawal
Withdrawal symptoms vary depending on factors like the quantity and frequency of alcohol use, overall health, and length of addiction. These symptoms can be classified into physical and psychological categories.
Physical symptoms include:
- Nausea and vomiting
- Headaches
- Diarrhea
- Abdominal pain
- Fatigue
- High temperature or chills
- Vivid dreams
- Tremors or “the shakes”
- Increased heart rate
- Sweating
- Shivering
- Decreased appetite
Psychological symptoms include:
- Depression
- Anxiety
- Insomnia
- Mood swings
- Confusion
- Irritability
- Difficulty concentrating
- Strong alcohol cravings
The most severe form of withdrawal is delirium tremens (DTs), which can involve hallucinations and seizures and requires immediate medical attention (Mayo Clinic, 2023).
Duration of Withdrawal
The duration of symptoms depends on the severity of addiction. While initial symptoms may begin within hours, most people experience the worst effects within two days. Typically, withdrawal lasts between three to seven days, though psychological symptoms may persist longer in some individuals (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration [SAMHSA], 2020).
Who is Affected?
Alcohol withdrawal primarily affects heavy drinkers and individuals with alcohol use disorder. Those consuming eight or more drinks weekly, especially over extended periods, are at higher risk. Adults are more commonly affected than teenagers, as they tend to have longer and heavier drinking histories. Withdrawal not only impacts the individual but can strain personal relationships, work life, and mental health (NIAAA, 2021).
Treatment and Support
Recognizing the dangers of alcohol withdrawal is crucial. Treatment typically starts with a clinical assessment, followed by detoxification under medical supervision. This may occur in either inpatient or outpatient settings, depending on the severity of the addiction and the individual’s needs.
Inpatient treatment offers a structured environment with 24-hour care, where patients can receive medications to manage symptoms, nutritional support, and counseling. Therapists may address underlying mental health issues that contribute to substance use.
Outpatient treatment allows individuals to live at home while attending scheduled therapy sessions and medical check-ins. This option works well for those with mild to moderate withdrawal symptoms and strong external support systems.
Support groups, such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), provide community and accountability during recovery. These resources play a critical role in preventing relapse and promoting long-term wellness.
While recovery from alcohol addiction is challenging, it is achievable with proper treatment, support, and commitment. Seeking help is the first step toward regaining control and rebuilding a healthier life.
New Dimensions Can Help!
If you know an adult or an adolescent who is struggling with alcoholism, New Dimensions can help. Early intervention can prevent irreversible damage to one’s physical and mental health. New Dimensions provides outpatient programs for adolescents and adults with mental health or substance abuse issues. To learn more about our services, including Psychological Testing, Partial Hospitalization Programs (PHP), Intensive Outpatient Programs (IOP), and Interventions for Substance Abuse, contact us at 800-685-9796 or visit our website at www.nddtreatment.com.
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.).
Mayo Clinic. (2023). Alcohol use disorder. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (2021). Alcohol’s effects on the body. Retrieved from https://www.niaaa.nih.gov
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2020). Treatment for alcohol problems: Finding and getting help. Retrieved from https://www.samhsa.gov