Alcohol is widely consumed in social and recreational settings across many cultures. While moderate drinking can be part of social life, excessive and prolonged alcohol use may develop into a serious medical condition known as Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). Recognizing the early signs of AUD is critical to prevent long-term health and relational consequences.
What Is Alcoholism?
Alcoholism, clinically referred to as Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), is a chronic brain disease characterized by compulsive alcohol use, loss of control over alcohol intake, and a negative emotional state when not using (NIAAA, 2021). According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), approximately 29.5 million people aged 12 or older in the U.S. were affected by AUD in 2021.
AUD affects individuals differently based on genetics, environment, age, gender, body weight, and mental health. It is often referred to as a “family disease” because it can severely impact relationships and disrupt household dynamics.
Top 10 Warning Signs of Alcohol Use Disorder
While each person may display different symptoms, the following are among the most recognized indicators of problematic alcohol use:
1. Concealing Alcohol Consumption
People struggling with alcoholism may begin to hide bottles of alcohol or drink in secret. This behavior reflects feelings of guilt or fear of judgment, signaling a loss of control (APA, 2022).
2. Dishonesty About Drinking Habits
A person with AUD may lie about how much they drink, downplay the frequency, or deny their alcohol use entirely. Deception often extends to explaining absences, mood changes, or financial inconsistencies.
3. Failed Attempts to Quit
One of the hallmark signs of AUD is repeated unsuccessful attempts to cut down or stop drinking, despite expressing the desire to do so (DSM-5, 2013).
4. Physical Dependence
People with advanced AUD may experience withdrawal symptoms, such as tremors, sweating, nausea, or anxiety when they stop drinking. This is often accompanied by the need to drink in the morning or throughout the day to function normally (NIAAA, 2021).
5. Changes in Personality or Behavior
Alcohol affects the brain’s chemistry, often resulting in mood swings, irritability, aggression, or social withdrawal. Over time, these behavioral changes can harm relationships and job performance.
6. Blackouts or Memory Lapses
Frequent blackouts—periods where the individual is conscious but cannot later recall events—are a strong indicator of heavy and potentially dangerous alcohol use (CDC, 2022).
7. Neglect of Responsibilities
Alcohol misuse can lead to neglected responsibilities at work, school, or home. Individuals may abandon important obligations, hobbies, and even self-care routines.
8. Physical Health Problems
Excessive alcohol use is associated with liver disease, cardiovascular problems, digestive issues, and a weakened immune system. Early signs can include weight loss, frequent vomiting, or visible symptoms of withdrawal (Mayo Clinic, 2023).
9. Risky or Reckless Behavior
Under the influence, individuals may engage in dangerous activities, such as drinking and driving, unprotected sex, or physical altercations. Impaired judgment is a serious concern.
10. Relationship Strain
AUD often causes significant interpersonal problems, including conflict with family and friends, emotional detachment, or domestic violence. Loved ones may feel alienated, hurt, or helpless.
What to Do If You Suspect a Loved One Has AUD
Helping someone with a substance use disorder is emotionally complex, but there are steps you can take:
- Speak Openly and Compassionately: Use non-judgmental, “I”-centered language to express your concern. For example: “I’m worried about how much you’ve been drinking and how it’s affecting your health.”
- Research Treatment Options: Look into treatment programs that meet the individual’s needs. Consider whether inpatient or outpatient rehabilitation, therapy, or medically supervised detox is appropriate. The SAMHSA Treatment Locator (https://findtreatment.gov) is a helpful resource.
- Consider a Professional Intervention: Involving a licensed interventionist or counselor can guide the family through a structured process to confront the issue and present treatment options.
- Set Boundaries: Understand that while you can support someone, you cannot force them to change. Establish boundaries to protect your own mental and emotional health.
- Seek Support for Yourself: Groups like Al-Anon or SMART Recovery Family & Friends provide emotional support and practical tools for those affected by a loved one’s drinking.
New Dimensions Can Help!
If you know an adult or an adolescent who is struggling with alcoholism, New Dimensions can help. Early intervention can prevent irreversible damage to one’s physical and mental health. New Dimensions provides outpatient programs for adolescents and adults with mental health or substance abuse issues. To learn more about our services, including Psychological Testing, Partial Hospitalization Programs (PHP), Intensive Outpatient Programs (IOP), and Interventions for Substance Abuse, contact us at 800-685-9796 or visit our website at www.nddtreatment.com.
References
- American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.).
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2022). Alcohol and Public Health: Alcohol-Related Disease Impact (ARDI).
- Mayo Clinic. (2023). Alcohol use disorder.
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). (2021). Alcohol Use Disorder.
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). (2022). Key Substance Use and Mental Health Indicators in the United States: Results from the 2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health.