Adolescence is a time of rapid developmental change, making it inherently difficult to distinguish normal teenage turbulence from the signs of alcohol or drug abuse. However, recognizing the red flags is crucial, as early intervention significantly improves outcomes for adolescents struggling with substance use disorder (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration [SAMHSA], 2017). Warning signs can generally be categorized into behavioral, psychological, and physical changes.
Behavioral and Social Changes
One of the most telling indicators is a sudden and sustained shift in behavior and social circle. Teens abusing substances may show a marked decline in performance at school, characterized by falling grades, poor attendance, or disinterest in previously enjoyed school activities (Mayo Clinic, 2024).
Socially, parents might notice an increased need for money without a clear explanation, or they may find money has been stolen (Indian Health Service [IHS], n.d.). There may be secretive behavior about possessions, activities, or whereabouts, or a sudden change in friends, with the new group being less connected to former interests or family (Youth.gov, n.d.). Changes in clothing, such as a new fascination with styles that highlight drug use, or the discovery of drug paraphernalia (e.g., pipes, rolling papers, small bags), are also significant signs (IHS, n.d.; Mayo Clinic, 2024).
Psychological and Emotional Indicators
The emotional and psychological impact of substance abuse can be profound and may be confused with typical moodiness, but key differences often emerge. Abusing adolescents may display a notable change in personality or attitude, characterized by increased irritability, angry outbursts, or a generally hostile or unmotivated demeanor (IHS, n.d.; Mayo Clinic, 2024). They may appear fearful, anxious, or paranoid without an obvious cause, or show an unusual lack of energy, frequently seeming tired or “spaced out” (IHS, n.d.).
A lack of interest or withdrawal from family activities and former hobbies or sports is a strong indicator that an adolescent’s life is beginning to revolve around drug or alcohol use (Mayo Clinic, 2024). Furthermore, they might continue to use substances despite experiencing negative consequences, which is a hallmark of substance use disorder (IHS, n.d.).
Physical and Health Signs
Physical symptoms often depend on the type of substance being abused, but some general signs include a neglected appearance or a lack of interest in grooming (Mayo Clinic, 2024). Unusual odors on the breath, body, or clothing may signal use, as can the frequent use of mouthwash, breath mints, or perfumes to mask smells (IHS, n.d.).
Parents should look for changes in sleep patterns and eating habits, such as significant weight loss or gain. Specific physical signs like bloodshot eyes, dilated or contracted pupils, or the presence of eye drops to mask these effects are also red flags (IHS, n.d.). Unexplained physical health issues like persistent coughs, frequent lung infections (often associated with smoking or vaping), or loss of coordination should prompt professional screening (Mayo Clinic, 2024).
In summary, while many of these signs can overlap with normal adolescent development, the sudden onset, severity, and co-occurrence of multiple signs indicate a serious concern (Youth.gov, n.d.). If these patterns emerge, consulting with a healthcare professional or an addiction specialist for screening is a necessary step to protect the adolescent’s health and well-being.
New Dimensions Can Help
New Dimensions’ adolescent substance abuse treatment, an after-school program, provides an Intensive Outpatient (IOP) level of care. The integrated approach utilizes a team of therapists and nurse practitioners who offer group and multi-family therapy. Treatment focuses on co-occurring mental health issues, such as anxiety and depression, in addition to drug and alcohol abuse.
The adolescent program includes an initial assessment, medication management, and group therapy covering topics like trauma, anger issues, and suicidal thoughts. Modalities such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and family involvement are critical components of the recovery process.
If you know an adolescent who needs help due to alcohol or drug abuse, call 1-800-685-9796 to set up a complimentary assessment. Also, you can reach New Dimensions online to make an appointment atwww.nddtreatment.com.
References
- Indian Health Service (IHS). (n.d.).Warning signs of substance and alcohol use disorder: Information for family and friends. Retrieved fromhttps://www.ihs.gov/asab/familyfriends/warningsignsdrug/
- Mayo Clinic. (2024).Drug addiction (substance use disorder) – Symptoms and causes. Retrieved fromhttps://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/drug-addiction/symptoms-causes/syc-20365112
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). (2017).Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: Results from the 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. SMA 17-5044, NSDUH Series H-52). Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
- Youth.gov. (n.d.).Warning signs. Retrieved fromhttps://youth.gov/youth-topics/substance-use/warning-signs